Method of manufacturing shells



narran starts PATENT @FFHQEO RAYMOND C. PENFIELD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TOl I-IAIDFIEIrD-II?ENF111211211)l STEEL COMPANY, OF BUCYRUS, OHO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

.'LJIETHOD OF MANUFACTURNG SHELLS.

amarrar.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. iljl, 1922.

Application filed December 4, 1919. Serial No. 342,529.

T0 all whom t 'may concern:

Be it Yknown that I, RAYMOND C. PEN- FIELD, a citizen of the United States, and resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Methods of Manufacturing Shells, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.'

My present invention relates to shells, and more particularly to an improved method of manufacturing the same.

In the manufacture of shells, particularly the so-called base fuse-type shell, or one hav ing a solid point and an open base end, into which the base plug screws, they have been made with parallel sides; in other words, the shell, when it is bored out on the inside, is bored out straight for the major portion of the length of the shell and is gradually tapered as the apex of the shell is approached. in order however, to get a larger percentage of explosives into these shells, they are frequently bored out so that the inner cavity increases in diameter, running fromthe base, until the shells are made to a minimum thickness somewhere near the middle thereof, the wall then increasing in thickness toward the point. Such a structure as that last outlined presents difficulties as regards manufacturing, as in order to obtain this unusual size and shape of cavity, instead of boring the shell with an ordinary boring tool straight in, it is necessary to have a profile arrangement by means of which the shell is bored out to an increasing diameter part way, and then a decreasing diameter, making it an expensive operation, and one wasteful of material.

lfn order to overcome the difficulties of manufacture enumerated above, to avoid the waste of time and material, and to produce a shell that is the equal, if not the superior of any heretofore manufactured, i have devised a method of manufacture in which the boring may be done with a straight or ordinary boring tool, and in which the advantages of increased size of cavity may be obtained by flowing (as by forging, swaging or pressing) excess metal on the end of the shell inwardly to form the base.

The principal object of my invention therefore, is an improved method of manufacturing shells and the like.

Another object is an improved method of manufacturing shells and the like in which waste of material is avoided.

A. still further object is gan Iimproved method of manufacture in which an increased size of cavity per size of shell is obtained by straight boring and swaging.

In the accompanying drawing, illustrating theJ preferred method of carrying out my invention, f Y

Fig. l is a sectional elevation of a vbillet asit comes from the forging press;

F ig. 2 is a sectional elevation of a billet aftier being bored inside and turned outside; an

F ig. 3 is a. sectional elevation of the billet after being swaged to final shape.

Referring to the drawings l0 designates a' billet after being forged on a straight mandrel of approximately the desired internal diameter of the shell. This forging l0 is made with the nose l1 thereof the v proper shape and the forging is then tapered back to the end, the walls of the forging thus gradually increasing in thickness from the butt 12 of the nose to the base 13, the nose l1 being only enough larger than the inished shell to provide for a finishing cut being taken thereover. The extra amount of material, and therefore the taper, is determined in accordance with the amount the shell is to be later closed in.

rlhe forging is now bored out with a straight or ordinary boring tool, a light cut being all that is necessary in the cylindrical hole left by the mandrel on which the billet was forged, and the nose portion may be bored by the same tool, or by a special nosing tool, as desired.

A roughing cut is now taken off the outside of the shell forging 10 to the proper profile, from the point of the nose l1 to a point sufciently near the base 13 to ensure that sufioient amount of metal is left for the end closing operation, as indicated by the numeral la in Fig. 2.

After the latter described operation, the shell forging l0 is heated, andthe excess of metal 14 left near the base is forged, swaged, or pressed over the butt end to form the base, and leaving a hole 15.through such usual manner.

By the above described method I am enbe finished in the 4 'abled to speed up theprocess of manufacturing, as the forging is practically finished to the maximum internal diameter ofthe shell yto be produced without the use of a profil- Wing tool. By producing such a forging and by taperin the Walls thereof, making it thicker at t e base, or open end, it is posfsible, lby taking a roughing cut over said forging to remove a portion of the material and ,overcoming any eccentricity which may have developed in the forging process, to effect a substantial saving in the amount of steel required to make theforging; further, a substantial amount of labor is saved in the machining operation, bec-auseof the fact that when the forging is bored and the exterior finished with the rough cut over the exterior and its walls made of equal thickf ness, it is then possible to squeezethe maby a forging process, the result being a forging having the proper parallel outer lines and the shell in readiness for the finishing process, without the necessity of various machimng operations.

forming a forging having pproximately .i

the maxlmum internal diameer of the 1inished shell, tapering said forgingfrom the base to the point, in such manner as toA dispose of the surplus metal on the exterior,-

and then pressing the excess of metal on the exterior inward to secure the required internal capacity.

2. The improved method of manufacturing shells and 4the like, which consists in forming a forging having approximately the maximum internal diameter of the finished shell, tapering said forging from the base to the point, in such a manner as to dispose of the surplus metal by taking a roughing cut over the exterior, and finally pressing the excess of metal on the exterior near the base inward to secure the proper internal capacity of the finished shell.

terial remainin on the outside of the forging'into the en of the forging, or nose it in In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribin witnesses.

RAY OND C. PIENFIELD. Witnesses:

E. A. BAKER, R. A. PnNm. 

